{"id":1747,"date":"2019-05-03T10:54:25","date_gmt":"2019-05-03T03:54:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/demo.hoinongdanhp.org.vn\/?p=1747"},"modified":"2019-05-03T10:54:25","modified_gmt":"2019-05-03T03:54:25","slug":"hoc-tap-va-lam-theo-tam-guong-dao-duc-ho-chi-minh-ve-trung-thuc-trach-nhiem-gan-bo-voi-nhan-dan-doan-ket-xay-dung-dang-trong-sach-vung-manh-chuyen-de-thuc-hien-chi-thi-03-ct-tw-trong-nam-2015","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hoinongdanhp.org.vn\/index.php\/2019\/05\/03\/hoc-tap-va-lam-theo-tam-guong-dao-duc-ho-chi-minh-ve-trung-thuc-trach-nhiem-gan-bo-voi-nhan-dan-doan-ket-xay-dung-dang-trong-sach-vung-manh-chuyen-de-thuc-hien-chi-thi-03-ct-tw-trong-nam-2015\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u1eccC T\u1eacP V\u00c0 L\u00c0M THEO T\u1ea4M G\u01af\u01a0NG \u0110\u1ea0O \u0110\u1ee8C H\u1ed2 CH\u00cd MINH V\u1ec0 TRUNG TH\u1ef0C, TR\u00c1CH NHI\u1ec6M; G\u1eaeN B\u00d3 V\u1edaI NH\u00c2N D\u00c2N; \u0110O\u00c0N K\u1ebeT, X\u00c2Y D\u1ef0NG \u0110\u1ea2NG TRONG S\u1ea0CH, V\u1eeeNG M\u1ea0NH ( Chuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n Ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb 03-CT\/TW trong n\u0103m 2015)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\t\t\t\t<![CDATA[\nI. B\u1ed0I C\u1ea2NH TH\u1ef0C HI\u1ec6N CH\u1ec8 TH\u1eca 03-CT\/TW V\u1ec0 \u201cTI\u1ebeP T\u1ee4C \u0110\u1ea8Y M\u1ea0NH VI\u1ec6C H\u1eccC T\u1eacP V\u00c0 L\u00c0M THEO T\u1ea4M G\u01af\u01a0NG \u0110\u1ea0O \u0110\u1ee8C H\u1ed2 CH\u00cd MINH\u201d TRONG N\u0102M 2015.\nN\u0103m 2015 l\u00e0 n\u0103m cu\u1ed1i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 XI, nhi\u1ec1u nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 l\u1edbn, quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1eb7t ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc to\u00e0n \u0110\u1ea3ng, to\u00e0n d\u00e2n, to\u00e0n qu\u00e2n ta, c\u1ea7n n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng trong 2015 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch 5 n\u0103m 2011-2015, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u1ea1o ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 cho nh\u1eefng n\u0103m sau.\n- V\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf - x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Sau 4 n\u0103m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng v\u1edbi 3 kh\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, \u0111ang ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t, t\u1ea1o c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n cao h\u01a1n trong n\u0103m 2015. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, nh\u1eefng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong n\u0103m 2015 c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch 5 n\u0103m 2011-2015.\nTuy v\u1eady, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta \u0111ang \u0111\u1eb7t ra nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft. Ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng theo chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n. Vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng theo chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u1edbi, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf kinh t\u1ebf\u2026., S\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng trong \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, n\u00eau cao tinh th\u1ea7n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u1edf m\u1ecdi c\u1ea5p, m\u1ecdi ng\u00e0nh l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u00ean. H\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 theo t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u1ec1 trung th\u1ef1c, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng trong s\u1ea1ch, v\u1eefng m\u1ea1nh, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u00f3.\n- X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 hai nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n g\u1eafn v\u1edbi nhau, ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi. Ph\u00e1t huy tinh th\u1ea7n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m tr\u01b0\u1edbc T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 trong m\u1ed7i c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean, c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n, to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5, l\u1ee3i \u00edch qu\u1ed1c gia d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u chung trong m\u1ecdi giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng.\nTrong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n hi\u1ec7n nay, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf - x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec1m l\u1ef1c qu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng, an ninh, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1m l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb tinh th\u1ea7n, \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n, to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5, l\u1ee3i \u00edch qu\u1ed1c gia d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng. H\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 theo t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u1ec1 trung th\u1ef1c, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng trong s\u1ea1ch v\u1eefng m\u1ea1nh tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c hi\u1ec7n nay.\n- C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 then ch\u1ed1t trong c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta. L\u1eddi d\u1eb7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong b\u1ea3n Di ch\u00fac thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 \u201ctr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea3ng\u201d. X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng trong s\u1ea1ch, v\u1eefng m\u1ea1nh lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cho th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam.\nNguy c\u01a1 suy tho\u00e1i v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng trong \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea3ng c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t s\u1edbm, ngay sau khi gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edbi. Trong c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, \u0110\u1ea3ng ta \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra nguy c\u01a1 n\u00e0y t\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c gi\u1eefa nhi\u1ec7m k\u1ef3 kh\u00f3a VII, th\u00e1ng 01-1994. \u0110\u1ebfn nay t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng suy tho\u00e1i v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, c\u00f3 trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean, trong c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. T\u1eeb s\u1ef1 suy tho\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ea3y sinh ta nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ec7 n\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e1ng lo ng\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0 tham nh\u0169ng, ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c, b\u00e8 ph\u00e1i, l\u1ee3i \u00edch nh\u00f3m\u2026 Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng 4 kh\u00f3a XI coi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u201cv\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch\u201d, c\u1ea7n t\u1eadp trung gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft.\nTrong b\u1ea3n Di ch\u00fac, vi\u1ebft v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1965 - 1969, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i, nh\u1eefng nguy c\u01a1 n\u00eau tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. B\u1edfi v\u1eady, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi coi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 \u201cv\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea3ng, v\u1ec1 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng. C\u1ed1t l\u00f5i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft, ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef g\u00ecn s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t trong \u0110\u1ea3ng nh\u01b0 \"gi\u1eef g\u00ecn con ng\u01b0\u01a1i c\u1ee7a m\u1eaft m\u00ecnh\".\nH\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 theo t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u1ec1 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng trong s\u1ea1ch, v\u1eefng m\u1ea1nh g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng 4, kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00eau tr\u00ean.\n- N\u0103m 2015 l\u00e0 n\u0103m chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p, ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 XII c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng. \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i di\u1ec5n ra trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ta c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i to l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft. Ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, ph\u00e1t huy tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft trong x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 XII c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng.\n- N\u0103m 2015 ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 l\u00e0m theo t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh theo Ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb 03-CT\/TW c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch 03-KH\/TW c\u1ee7a Ban B\u00ed th\u01b0 kh\u00f3a XI. Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 l\u00e0m theo t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o 3 n\u1ed9i dung l\u1edbn: v\u1ec1 trung th\u1ef1c, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m; v\u1ec1 g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n; v\u1ec1 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng trong s\u1ea1ch, v\u1eefng m\u1ea1nh. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 to l\u1edbn \u0111\u1eb7t ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ea3ng, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t huy nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00e1c n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 chung trong to\u00e0n kh\u00f3a, t\u1ea1o ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 cho vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 l\u00e0m theo t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, phong c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a B\u00e1c trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m sau.\nT\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ed1t vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 l\u00e0m theo t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh n\u0103m 2015 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i XII, ki\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 l\u00e0m theo t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a B\u00e1c trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m t\u1edbi.\nII- T\u01af T\u01af\u1edeNG, T\u1ea4M G\u01af\u01a0NG \u0110\u1ea0O \u0110\u1ee8C H\u1ed2 CH\u00cd MINH V\u1ec0 TRUNG TH\u1ef0C, TR\u00c1CH NHI\u1ec6M; G\u1eaeN B\u00d3 V\u1edaI NH\u00c2N D\u00c2N; \u0110O\u00c0N K\u1ebeT, X\u00c2Y D\u1ef0NG \u0110\u1ea2NG TRONG S\u1ea0CH, V\u1eeeNG M\u1ea0NH\n1- T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u1ec1 trung th\u1ef1c, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m\n1.1. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u1ec1 trung th\u1ef1c, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m\n1.1.1. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u1ec1 trung th\u1ef1c,\u201cn\u00f3i th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m\u201d\n- Trung th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m; gi\u1eefa t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u1edbi trung th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 d\u1ed1i. Trong quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh coi trung th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 n\u00f3i \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi l\u00e0m. Trong b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng \u201cT\u01b0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e1ch m\u1ec7nh\u201d, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft:\u2026 \u201cN\u00f3i th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m\u201d [1]...\n- C\u01a1 s\u1edf t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c \u201ctrung th\u1ef1c\u201d b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c: nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t th\u1eadt th\u00e0, ngay th\u1eb3ng, v\u1ecb tha, th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 t\u00ecnh, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a... T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i l\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh trung th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh c\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp thu, th\u00e2u h\u00e1i nh\u1eefng tinh hoa v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, t\u1eeb tri\u1ebft l\u00fd \u201ck\u1ef7 s\u1edf b\u1ea5t d\u1ee5c, m\u1eb7c thi \u01b0 nh\u00e2n\u201d \u201cch\u00ednh danh qu\u00e2n t\u1eed\u201d c\u1ee7a Nho gi\u00e1o; nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi r\u0103n d\u1ea1y \u201ct\u1eeb bi, h\u1ef7 x\u1ea3\u201d, \u201cc\u1ee9u kh\u1ed5, c\u1ee9u n\u1ea1n\u201d, kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i tr\u00e1, kh\u00f4ng \u0103n c\u1eafp, c\u01b0u mang gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u2026 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o; \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ee9c hy sinh, t\u1ef1 s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o\u2026Trung th\u1ef1c trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh mang n\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c cao qu\u00fd c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng khai n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n hy sinh, c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh cho m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng giai c\u1ea5p, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u2026\nTheo t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a trung th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 \u201cn\u00f3i th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m\u201d. N\u00f3i \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi l\u00e0m l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c qu\u00e1n tri\u1ec7t s\u00e2u s\u1eafc nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa l\u00fd lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n, gi\u1eefa suy ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng trong m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.\n- N\u1ed9i dung t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u1ec1 trung th\u1ef1c, \"n\u00f3i th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m\"\n+ V\u1edbi c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean, c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c, trung th\u1ef1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng. X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n b\u1ea3n l\u0129nh v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng, c\u00f3 ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, th\u00ec d\u00f9 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t hi\u1ec3m ngh\u00e8o, v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n trung th\u1ef1c v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh, trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea3ng, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c, v\u00ec t\u1ef1 do, \u1ea5m no, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n.\n+ Trung th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i v\u00e0 l\u00e0m \u0111\u00fang ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c, n\u00f3i sai, l\u00e0m sai. N\u1eafm v\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i, ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc trong t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n cho \u0111\u00fang; \u0111\u1ec3 tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n l\u00e0m theo cho \u0111\u00fang.\n+ Trung th\u1ef1c, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa l\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, \u201ckh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e0ng, l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t n\u1ebbo\u201d l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 trung th\u1ef1c v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. N\u1ebfu ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh tham \u00f4 m\u00e0 b\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c li\u00eam khi\u1ebft th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3 d\u1ed1i. N\u1ebfu k\u00eau g\u1ecdi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec7m, li\u00eam ch\u00ednh, ch\u00ed c\u00f4ng, v\u00f4 t\u01b0, m\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n, ki\u1ec7m, kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao, lu\u00f4n t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch tham \u00f4 ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, s\u1ed1ng hoang ph\u00ed, xa hoa\u2026, l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 d\u1ed1i, kh\u00f4ng trung th\u1ef1c.\n+ Trung th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 nghi\u00eam t\u00fac v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u00fang m\u1ef1c v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201ch\u1ee9a m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m\u201d. L\u1eddi h\u1ee9a ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb khi \u0111i li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. \u201cL\u00e0m\u201d \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c l\u1edbn, l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, \u0111\u01b0a ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean \u201cN\u00f3i \u00edt, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng\u201d[2]; \u201ct\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 mi\u1ec7ng n\u00f3i, tay l\u00e0m, l\u00e0m g\u01b0\u01a1ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d[3]. C\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean \u201cc\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u00f3c ngh\u0129, m\u1eaft tr\u00f4ng, tai nghe, ch\u00e2n \u0111i, mi\u1ec7ng n\u00f3i, tay l\u00e0m. Ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i su\u00f4ng, ch\u1ec9 ng\u1ed3i vi\u1ebft m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh... ph\u1ea3i th\u1eadt th\u00e0 nh\u00fang tay v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c\u201d[4].\n+ \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea3ng, H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u201c\u0110\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 thi h\u00e0nh th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng v\u1eady th\u00ec nh\u1eefng ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd h\u00f3a ra l\u00e0 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i su\u00f4ng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00f2ng tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea3ng\u201d. \u0110\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, t\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a tr\u01b0\u1edbc Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. Khi m\u1eafc sai l\u1ea7m, khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u00ec d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn l\u1ed7i tr\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00e2n v\u00e0 ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m.\n1.1.2.T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u1ec1 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m\n- H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh coi tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tho\u00e1i th\u00e1c. Tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, d\u00f9 \u1edf c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb n\u00e0o, to hay nh\u1ecf, l\u1edbn hay b\u00e9, m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u2018b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn\u201d. \u00dd th\u1ee9c tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m, \u201cnh\u1eadn r\u00f5 ph\u1ea3i, tr\u00e1i, \u0111\u00fang sai\u201d, t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m. Tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c, t\u00edch c\u1ef1c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 \u201cc\u00f3 tinh th\u1ea7n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cao\u201d.\n- Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean, c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c.\nM\u1ed9t l\u00e0, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c. Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a \u00fd th\u1ee9c tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m trong m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n v\u1edbi T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c. Khi T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c l\u00e2m nguy th\u00ec \u201cB\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng, \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0, b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ng\u01b0\u1edbi gi\u00e0, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, h\u1ec5 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p\u201d. L\u00f2ng y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea5y d\u00e2ng l\u00ean m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u201ck\u1ebft th\u00e0nh l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng nh\u1ea5n ch\u00ecm b\u00e8 l\u0169 c\u01b0\u1edbp n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 b\u00e1n n\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d.\n- Theo H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, m\u1ecdi c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean, c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m thi\u00eang li\u00eang, cao c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5u tranh qu\u00ean m\u00ecnh cho \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, t\u1ef1 do, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0110\u1ea3ng ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi v\u1ec1 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cao c\u1ea3 \u1ea5y. T\u1ea1i L\u1ec5 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m 30 n\u0103m Ng\u00e0y th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea3ng, t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh: \"Bi\u1ebft bao \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean \u01b0u t\u00fa \u0111\u00e3 hy sinh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 oanh li\u1ec7t. Ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang trong c\u1ea5p Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 14 \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Ph\u00e1p b\u1eafn, ch\u00e9m, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1eadp ch\u1ebft trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u00f9. M\u00e1u \u0111\u00e0o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c li\u1ec7t s\u0129 \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho l\u00e1 c\u1edd c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u00eam \u0111\u1ecf ch\u00f3i. S\u1ef1 hy sinh anh d\u0169ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c li\u1ec7t s\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ta n\u1edf hoa \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ef1 do\".\n- Tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean, c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c c\u00f2n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf tinh th\u1ea7n n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u cho \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u00e0u m\u1ea1nh, cho ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a (1954-1969), Ng\u01b0\u1eddi lu\u00f4n nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ra s\u1ee9c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf, quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0a mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc ti\u1ebfn m\u1ea1nh, ti\u1ebfn v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. \u0110\u00e3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n \u0110\u1ea3ng n\u00f3i chung v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean n\u00f3i ri\u00eang l\u00e0: \"L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i, ki\u1ebfn qu\u1ed1c th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 m\u1edbi, ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, r\u1ed3i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n\".\nHai l\u00e0, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. Trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean, c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c v\u1edbi Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean l\u00fd: \"N\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea5y d\u00e2n l\u00e0m g\u1ed1c\", \"S\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 do Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh\", \"Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ra l\u1ecbch s\u1eed\"\u2026 C\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean, c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3i \u201ch\u1ebft l\u00f2ng, h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n\u201d. \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c cho Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n n\u1eafm v\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc; l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u1ea5y. Trong b\u00e0i \"\u0110\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam\", Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5: \"M\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi thay m\u1eb7t cho \u0110\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 cho qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u00e0 vui l\u00f2ng thi h\u00e0nh\".\n- Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf, mu\u1ed1n l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n th\u00ec c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean, c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3i s\u00e2u s\u00e1t, g\u1ea7n g\u0169i qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang, ch\u0103m lo gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t; ph\u1ea3i \"tr\u1ecdng d\u00e2n, s\u00e1t d\u00e2n, tin d\u00e2n\", ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u sao cho \"d\u00e2n ph\u1ee5c, d\u00e2n tin, d\u00e2n y\u00eau\". Ng\u01b0\u1eddi lu\u00f4n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \"\u2026 l\u1eafng nghe \u00fd ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n\", \"vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 b\u00e0n b\u1ea1c v\u1edbi d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho d\u00e2n ch\u00fang\u2026 \u0110\u01b0a m\u1ecdi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 cho d\u00e2n ch\u00fang th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft\".\n- Tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i n\u00eau g\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t. Theo Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, trong m\u1ecdi phong tr\u00e0o, m\u1ecdi nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5, c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i ti\u00ean phong, g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eabu l\u00e0m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ti\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang noi theo. S\u1ef1 g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eabu c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 r\u1ea5t to l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i, ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh:\"Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean - d\u00f9 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c to hay nh\u1ecf, \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb cao hay th\u1ea5p - \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eabu cho qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang\u2026 Mu\u1ed1n cho qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang nghe l\u1eddi m\u00ecnh, l\u00e0m theo m\u00ecnh, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean, t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, l\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch \u0103n \u1edf \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eabu\".\n- H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean, c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3i k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng d\u00e2n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi lu\u00f4n nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i k\u00ednh y\u00eau Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 \"v\u00e1c m\u1eb7t l\u00e0m quan c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng\", kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e1ch d\u1ecbch, nh\u0169ng nhi\u1ec5u Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. N\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean t\u1ec9nh H\u00e0 T\u00e2y, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh: \"M\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean, m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 t\u1eeb tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng: m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7y t\u1edb cho Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n\u2026 L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7y t\u1edb Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m cho t\u1ed1t\".\nBa l\u00e0, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea3ng. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1edbi t\u00f4n ch\u1ec9, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng. \u0110\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i qu\u00e1n tri\u1ec7t s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nghi\u00eam t\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i, ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng, ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft do \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec1 ra; th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean; ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh nghi\u00eam \u0110i\u1ec1u l\u1ec7, k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt \u0110\u1ea3ng; t\u00edch c\u1ef1c tham gia x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ea3ng b\u1ed9, chi b\u1ed9 trong s\u1ea1ch v\u1eefng m\u1ea1nh; lu\u00f4n gi\u1eef v\u1eefng t\u00ednh ti\u1ec1n phong, g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eabu c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh: \"Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00fat n\u00e0o qu\u00ean l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cao c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0: su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0m c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u cho T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, l\u00e0m cho ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i tr\u00ean T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c ta v\u00e0 tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\".\n- H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh c\u00f2n ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ra s\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin. B\u1edfi l\u1ebd, theo Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, n\u1ebfu thi\u1ebfu hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin th\u00ec tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean s\u1ebd th\u1ea5p, nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u0103ng h\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5u tranh cho s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng. \"H\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea3ng, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n\".\n- \u0110\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea3ng, \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean, c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t 5 \u0111i\u1ec1u \"nh\u00e2n, ngh\u0129a, tr\u00ed, d\u0169ng, li\u00eam\", tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft v\u00e0 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt \u0110\u1ea3ng, lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng l\u00ean tr\u00ean, l\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n m\u00ecnh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, s\u00e2u s\u1eafc tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea3ng, m\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nghi\u00eam t\u00fac, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.\nB\u1ed1n l\u00e0, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, gia \u0111\u00ecnh, qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng.\n- Bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m n\u00eau tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, v\u1edbi \u201cb\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn\u201d, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao. Khi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 \u201cb\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn\u201d, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m th\u00ec t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c, t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. Do v\u1eady, ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m n\u00eau tr\u00ean.\n- C\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean, c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103m lo x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh, d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd, qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng\u2026 Ph\u1ea3i gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c cho c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh, d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 l\u00f2ng y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u1ec1 tr\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, v\u1ec1 \u00fd ch\u00ed v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean trong h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c, ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t m\u1ecdi nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i quan t\u00e2m gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c cho con ch\u00e1u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec7m, li\u00eam ch\u00ednh, l\u00f2ng nh\u00e2n \u00e1i, t\u00ecnh \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng; bi\u1ebft k\u1ebf th\u1eeba, ph\u00e1t huy truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh, d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd, qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c.\n2. T\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u1ec1 trung th\u1ef1c, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m\n- Ra \u0111i t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc, H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh mang theo ho\u00e0i b\u00e3o, kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp cho T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n m\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong th\u1eddi gian t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc (1911-1920) l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c, l\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n m\u00ecnh. Su\u1ed1t g\u1ea7n m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m tr\u1ea3i qua bao nhi\u00eau s\u1ef1 t\u00ecm t\u00f2i, chi\u00eam nghi\u1ec7m, kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean do ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb7t ra.\n- Sau khi t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc, H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh t\u1ef1 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 l\u1edbp thanh ni\u00ean, tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. \u0110\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1930, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a quan tr\u1ecdng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp ra \u0111\u1ed9i ti\u00ean phong c\u1ee7a giai c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c - \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam - \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o to\u00e0n d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea5u tranh gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp cho T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c.\n- Trong 15 n\u0103m, n\u0103m 1930 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1945, H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 hai l\u1ea7n b\u1ecb b\u1eaft, b\u1ecb giam c\u1ea7m trong nh\u00e0 t\u00f9 c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c. Trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh lao t\u00f9, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u201cMu\u1ed1n n\u00ean s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p l\u1edbn, tinh th\u1ea7n c\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i cao\u201d, \u201cTai \u01b0\u01a1ng r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n tinh th\u1ea7n th\u00eam h\u0103ng\u201d. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ed m\u1eadt tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfn khu, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng gian kh\u1ed5, c\u00f9ng Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea5u tranh gi\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n. Khi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n tham gia M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn Vi\u1ec7t Minh, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh: \u201cRi\u00eang ph\u1ea7n t\u00f4i, xin \u0111em h\u1ebft t\u00e2m l\u1ef1c \u0111i c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n, v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o m\u01b0u gi\u00e0nh t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, d\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i hy sinh t\u00ednh m\u1ec7nh c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u1ec1\u201d[5].\n- T\u1eeb sau n\u0103m 1945, v\u1edbi c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh cho m\u00ecnh tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o cao nh\u1ea5t. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e2m s\u1ef1:\u201cC\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch, l\u00e0 ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u cho quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n. Nh\u1eefng khi t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i \u1ea9n n\u1ea5p n\u01a1i n\u00fai non, ho\u1eb7c ra v\u00e0o ch\u1ed1n t\u00f9 t\u1ed9i, x\u00f4ng pha s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3m ngh\u00e8o - l\u00e0 v\u00ec m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u00f3... B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 bao gi\u1edd, b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u, t\u00f4i c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch, l\u00e0m cho \u00edch qu\u1ed1c l\u1ee3i d\u00e2n\u201d[6]. Trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u201cng\u00e0n c\u00e2n treo s\u1ee3i t\u00f3c\u201d nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1945-1946, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u1edbi d\u00e2n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c m\u1edbi gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, mang l\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 do, \u1ea5m no, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n.\n- Trong quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 u\u1ef7 th\u00e1c c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o, ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c, Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n giao ph\u00f3 \"c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh v\u00e2ng m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn\"[7] nh\u1eb1m l\u00e0m cho \"N\u01b0\u1edbc ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, d\u00e2n ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1ef1 do, \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o ta ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1m \u0103n, \u00e1o m\u1eb7c, ai c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh\"[8]; x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam ho\u00e0 b\u00ecnh, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, gi\u00e0u m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u2026\n- Trong l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, c\u00f3 l\u00fac \u0110\u1ea3ng, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea1m sai l\u1ea7m, khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m chung, v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n d\u00e1m ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean, thay m\u1eb7t \u0110\u1ea3ng, Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 xin l\u1ed7i Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. Trong Th\u01b0 g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n v\u00e0 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 nh\u00e2n d\u1ecbp c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc c\u0103n b\u1ea3n ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh, sau khi n\u00eau nh\u1eefng khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m, sai l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh k\u1ebb \u0111\u1ecbch, vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5n ch\u1ec9nh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, trong ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch thu\u1ebf n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft: \u201cTrung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m, khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1ea5y v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa, nh\u1eb1m \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n, \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t\u201d[9].\n2. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u1ec1 g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n\n2.1.T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u1ec1 g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n\n- T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 g\u1eafn b\u00f3 m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, coi Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft: \u201c...Trong b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec qu\u00ed b\u1eb1ng Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec m\u1ea1nh b\u1eb1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n\u201d[10]. \u201cC\u00e1ch m\u1ec7nh l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c chung c\u1ea3 d\u00e2n ch\u00fang ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d[11].\n- C\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u1ec1 g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Nh\u1eefng quan ni\u1ec7m \u201cT\u1eadp h\u1ee3p b\u1ed1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng manh l\u1ec7\u201d, \u201ctr\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00f2ng, c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc chung s\u1ee9c\u201d, \u201ct\u01b0\u1edbng s\u0129 m\u1ed9t l\u00f2ng ph\u1ee5 t\u1eed\u201d, \u201ckhoan th\u01b0 s\u1ee9c d\u00e2n l\u00e0m k\u1ebf s\u00e2u r\u1ec5 b\u1ec1n g\u1ed1c\u201d, \u201cch\u1edf thuy\u1ec1n l\u00e0 d\u00e2n, l\u1eadt thuy\u1ec1n l\u00e0 d\u00e2n\u201d, \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, tri\u1ebft l\u00fd nh\u00e2n sinh, ph\u00e9p \u1ee9ng x\u1eed v\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Ph\u00e1t huy truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, n\u0103m 1955, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft: \u201c... v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng l\u00e0 con L\u1ea1c ch\u00e1u H\u1ed3ng - M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh tan \u00e2m m\u01b0u c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 b\u00e8 l\u0169 tay sai c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ho\u00e0 b\u00ecnh, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 trong c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam y\u00eau qu\u00fd c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta\u201d1.\nT\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh c\u00f2n b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 ra nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX, \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX l\u00e0 do ch\u01b0a t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n tham gia. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc, H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Ph\u00e1p, l\u00e0 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u201ckh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i\u201d, b\u1edfi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n r\u01a1i v\u00e0o tay m\u1ed9t thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Nga, r\u00fat ra nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 huy \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi d\u00e2n v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a \u0111a s\u1ed1 qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n.\n- V\u1edbi c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam, H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n cho phong tr\u00e0o gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. N\u0103m 1924, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft: \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec cho \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t huy \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u1edf h\u1ecd\u2026\u201d . V\u00ec v\u1eady ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang. Truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin v\u00e0o phong tr\u00e0o y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 phong tr\u00e0o c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, kh\u01a1i d\u1eady ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng. Khi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m, H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh n\u00f3i: \u201cNh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u00ec l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c to\u00e0n d\u00e2n \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, c\u00e1c giai c\u1ea5p, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec1u n\u1ed5i d\u1eady theo l\u00e1 c\u1edd Vi\u1ec7t Minh \u0111\u1ec3 tranh l\u1ea1i quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp cho T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c. L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng to\u00e0n d\u00e2n l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u01a1n h\u1ebft. Kh\u00f4ng ai chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3\u201d[12]. Khi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u201cKh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ki\u1ebfn qu\u1ed1c\u201d, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecfi: Ai th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u201ckh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ki\u1ebfn qu\u1ed1c\u201d ? v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: \u201cTrong c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ki\u1ebfn qu\u1ed1c, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u1edf d\u00e2n\u201d[13].\n- \u0110\u1ec3 g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi d\u00e2n, gi\u1eef v\u1eefng m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean v\u00e0 Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed7i c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean, c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3i :\n+ \u201cNh\u1eadn r\u00f5 ph\u1ea3i, tr\u00e1i. Gi\u1eef g\u00ecn l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng. T\u1eadn trung v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc. T\u1eadn hi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi d\u00e2n. M\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh hay b\u1ea1i l\u00e0 do c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng hay l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng\u201d. [14]\n+ C\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u201cc\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i xung phong, g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eabu trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 trong c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c, h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n trau d\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec7m, li\u00eam ch\u00ednh\u201d[15].\n+ V\u1edbi m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean \u201cB\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o c\u0169ng ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft l\u00e0m \u0111\u00fang ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, l\u00e0m g\u01b0\u01a1ng cho qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang. M\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i n\u00e2ng cao tinh th\u1ea7n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m tr\u01b0\u1edbc Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ea3ng, ph\u1ea3i ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n\u201d[16];\n+ \u201c\u2026V\u00f4 lu\u1eadn trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0o, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng l\u00ean tr\u00ean h\u1ebft. N\u1ebfu l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1edbi nhau, th\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u1ee5c t\u00f9ng l\u1ee3i \u00edch \u0110\u1ea3ng\u201d.[17]\n+ \"C\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i n\u00e2ng cao tinh th\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang, h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng, h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. Ph\u1ea3i k\u00ednh y\u00eau Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. Ph\u1ea3i t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. Tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201cki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o, c\u00f4ng th\u1ea7n, t\u1ef1 cao, t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea1i\"... Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ea1y: \"C\u01a1m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0103n, \u00e1o c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta m\u1eb7c, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u00fang ta d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n m\u00e0 ra. V\u00ec v\u1eady ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec1n \u01a1n x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng cho Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. Ch\u1edb v\u00e1c m\u1eb7t l\u00e0m quan c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e2n gh\u00e9t, d\u00e2n khinh, d\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9\".\n2.2. T\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n\n- Sinh ra trong m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh nho ngh\u00e8o, c\u00f9ng s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 s\u1edbm c\u00f3 quan ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. Khi c\u00f2n \u0111ang l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc sinh tr\u01b0\u1eddng Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ecdc Hu\u1ebf, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f2a v\u00e0o d\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh ch\u1ed1ng thu\u1ebf, gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c y\u00eau s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p.\n- R\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ki\u1ebfm s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng. L\u00e0m gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng D\u1ee5c Thanh ( B\u00ecnh Thu\u1eadn), ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi thanh ni\u00ean h\u1ecdc sinh, truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 l\u00f2ng y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t thanh ni\u00ean v\u1edbi T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c. Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc ngh\u1ec1 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i x\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00e0u v\u1edbi vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi xu\u1ed1ng t\u00e0u ra n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u201cxem ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 gi\u00fap n\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d.\n- B\u00f4n ba qua nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi trong g\u1ea7n 10 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean s\u1ed1ng \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ee7 ngh\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng. L\u00e0m ph\u1ee5 b\u1ebfp tr\u00ean t\u00e0u th\u1ee7y, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi chia s\u1ebb nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7i v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3, nguy hi\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a th\u1ee7y th\u1ee7, khuy\u00ean nh\u1ee7 h\u1ecd d\u00e0nh ti\u1ec1n gi\u00fap gia \u0111\u00ecnh. L\u00e0m b\u1ed3i b\u00e0n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00f3i nh\u1eefng mi\u1ebfng b\u00e1nh m\u1ef3 c\u00f2n nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n khi d\u1ecdn c\u00e1c b\u00e0n \u0103n, d\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 gia c\u01b0 \u1edf Lu\u00e2n \u0110\u00f4n sau khi h\u1ebft bu\u1ed5i l\u00e0m. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng ch\u00e2u \u00c1, ch\u00e2u Phi, ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 La tinh, trong H\u1ed9i li\u00ean hi\u1ec7p c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba\u2026\n- S\u1ef1 g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 sau khi v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n quan \u0111i\u1ec3m xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t g\u1ea7n d\u00e2n, g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng r\u1ea5t phong ph\u00fa v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ebfm gian nan c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Hai l\u1ea7n b\u1ecb b\u1eaft, b\u1ecb giam trong t\u00f9, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi chia s\u1ebb nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7i \u0111au c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n t\u00f9 c\u00f9ng c\u1ea3nh ng\u1ed9 v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea5u tranh gi\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n, kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng trong d\u00e2n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1, ch\u1edf che, v\u00e0 d\u00e2n lu\u00f4n \u1edf b\u00ean Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c, ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi.\n- Khi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn mu\u1ed1n s\u1ed1ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, \u1edf trong ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. D\u00f9 b\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ec7 tr\u1ecdng, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng qu\u00ean theo d\u00f5i cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1edfng h\u01a1n 5.000 huy hi\u1ec7u H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t, vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t. Trong 10 n\u0103m 1959-1969, v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i 70, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 tr\u00ean 700 l\u1ea7n \u0111i xu\u1ed1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf th\u0103m v\u00e0 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n\u2026\n- S\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1eadp trung trong b\u1ea3n Di ch\u00fac, l\u1eddi d\u1eb7n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u201ct\u00e2m nguy\u1ec7n\u201d c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean Ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Trong nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1eb7n l\u1ea1i, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, kh\u00f4ng qu\u00ean m\u1ed9t ai, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201cl\u1ea7m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u1ea1c l\u1ed1i\u201d hay nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u201ch\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 c\u0169 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i\u201d. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1eb7n \u0110\u1ea3ng, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0 d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u1edbi, b\u1edfi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u201ccu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3\u201d, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o d\u00e2n.\nT\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t anh h\u00f9ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, chi\u1ebfn s\u1ef9 l\u1ed7i l\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a ki\u1ec7t xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i.\n3. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u1ec1 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng trong s\u1ea1ch, v\u1eefng m\u1ea1nh\n3.1. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u1ec1 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft\n- Trong c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh c\u00f3 t\u1edbi tr\u00ean 405 b\u00e0i n\u00f3i v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt l\u00e0: \u201c\u0110o\u00e0n k\u1ebft l\u00e0m ra s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh\u201d, \u201c\u0110o\u00e0n k\u1ebft l\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta\u201d1; \u201c\u0110o\u00e0n k\u1ebft l\u00e0 th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i\u201d; \u201c \u0110o\u00e0n k\u1ebft l\u00e0 then ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng\u201d2. \u201c\u0110o\u00e0n k\u1ebft\u201d l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1eb9. \u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y m\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t th\u00ec \u0111\u1ebb ra con ch\u00e1u \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t \u201d3. \u201c\u0110o\u00e0n k\u1ebft, \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft. Th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng\u201d4.\n- Theo H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng; ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e1n tri\u1ec7t trong m\u1ecdi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i, ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc trong m\u1ecdi giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng.\nH\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft to\u00e0n d\u00e2n l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n. Ng\u00e0y 3-3-1951, trong \u201cL\u1eddi k\u1ebft th\u00fac bu\u1ed5i ra m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u201d, H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh thay m\u1eb7t \u0110\u1ea3ng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc to\u00e0n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c: \u201cM\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ed3m 8 ch\u1eef l\u00e0 \u201c \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft to\u00e0n d\u00e2n, ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c\u201d1.\nNg\u00e0y 31-8-1963: n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 tuy\u00ean hu\u1ea5n mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5: \u201cTr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m v\u00e0 trong kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn, th\u00ec nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 tuy\u00ean hu\u1ea5n l\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao cho \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c. M\u1ed9t l\u00e0 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft. Hai l\u00e0 l\u00e0m c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng hay kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f2i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n th\u1ebf th\u00f4i. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n l\u00e0: \u201cM\u1ed9t l\u00e0 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft. Hai l\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Ba l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0\"2.\n- Theo H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft to\u00e0n d\u00e2n. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m d\u00e2n, Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang, l\u00e0 \u201cm\u1ecdi con d\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t\u201d,\u201cm\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi con R\u1ed3ng ch\u00e1u Ti\u00ean\u201d, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng, \u201cgi\u00e0, tr\u1ebb, g\u00e1i trai, gi\u00e0u ngh\u00e8o, qu\u00fd ti\u1ec7n\u201d.\n\u0110\u1ea1i \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c l\u00e0 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh chung. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n n\u00eau r\u00f5: \u201cTa \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh cho th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c; ta c\u00f2n \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0. Ai c\u00f3 t\u00e0i, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c, c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c, c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n th\u00ec ta \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft v\u1edbi h\u1ecd\u201d1.\n- \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft to\u00e0n d\u00e2n th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i k\u1ebf th\u1eeba truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc - nh\u00e2n ngh\u0129a - \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u201cTha thi\u1ebft k\u00eau g\u1ecdi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eadt th\u00e0 y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp n\u00e0o, t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng n\u00e0o, ch\u00ednh ki\u1ebfn n\u00e0o v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 phe n\u00e0o; ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y th\u1eadt th\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u00ec d\u00e2n v\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0103n d\u1eb7n: \u201cC\u1ea7n xo\u00e1 b\u1ecf h\u1ebft th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u1eadt th\u00e0 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau, gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 nhau c\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n\u201d2.\n- \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i li\u00ean minh c\u00f4ng n\u00f4ng, t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p trong M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh vi\u1ebft \u201cL\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu trong kh\u1ed1i \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng n\u00f4ng, cho n\u00ean li\u00ean minh c\u00f4ng n\u00f4ng l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t\u201d3. M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc hi\u1ec7p th\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i \u00edch t\u1ed1i cao c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u1edbi l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng.\n- \u0110o\u00e0n k\u1ebft to\u00e0n d\u00e2n theo t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh l\u00e0 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft th\u1eadt s\u1ef1, ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh, th\u00e2n \u00e1i gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 nhau c\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9. V\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2m \u201cc\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u1ed3n d\u1ecb\u201d4, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00eau r\u00f5: \u201cCh\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n.. .; ph\u1ea3i \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft t\u1ed1t c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i, c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3, c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n s\u0129 trong M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c Vi\u1ec7t Nam, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 l\u1eabn nhau, c\u00f9ng nhau ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9; ph\u1ea3i \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c anh em, c\u00f9ng nhau x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c.. .; ph\u1ea3i \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o l\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, c\u00f9ng nhau x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ho\u00e0 thu\u1eadn, \u1ea5m no, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c\u201d.\n\u201c\u0110o\u00e0n k\u1ebft th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ph\u1ea3i nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed v\u00e0 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed. \u0110o\u00e0n k\u1ebft th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 v\u1eeba \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea5u tranh, h\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i t\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a nhau, ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i sai c\u1ee7a nhau, ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh tr\u00ean l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e2n \u00e1i, v\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00ec d\u00e2n\u201d1.\n- \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n v\u1eeba l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, v\u1eeba l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn, c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft to\u00e0n d\u00e2n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc.\nH\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1eeba l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a giai c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, v\u1eeba l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. V\u00ec v\u1eady, \u201c\u0111\u1ea1i \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c.. . th\u00e0nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e1u th\u1ecbt c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng\u201d. Mu\u1ed1n quy t\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam ph\u1ea3i: \u201cV\u1eeba l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, v\u1eeba l\u00e0 v\u0103n minh\u201d; \u201c\u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea3i ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u cho tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, danh d\u1ef1, l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i\u201d; \u201c\u0110\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed\u201d; \u201c\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn\u201d.\nNg\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft: \u201c\u0110\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn quy\u1ec1n l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i t\u1ecf ra l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn trung th\u00e0nh nh\u1ea5t, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c nh\u1ea5t. Ch\u1ec9 trong \u0111\u1ea5u tranh v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, khi qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, th\u00ec \u0110\u1ea3ng m\u1edbi gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o\u201d3.\n\u201cTrong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, \u0110\u1ea3ng ta lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ea5u tranh tr\u00ean hai m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn ch\u1ed1ng khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9c, h\u1eb9p h\u00f2i, coi nh\u1eb9 vi\u1ec7c tranh th\u1ee7 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tranh th\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ch\u1ed1ng khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u, \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh \u0111\u00fang m\u1ee9c trong n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn\u201d2.\n3.2. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u1ec1 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng trong s\u1ea1ch, v\u1eefng m\u1ea1nh\n3.2.1. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng\n- Trong th\u1eddi gian ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf Ph\u00e1p, l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh tham gia ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea3ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea3ng X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Ph\u00e1p. Qua \u0111\u00f3 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n Ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh giai c\u1ea5p m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 trong \u0111\u1ea5u tranh gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba. T\u1eeb nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn trong \u0110\u1ea3ng X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Ph\u00e1p, tham gia Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, t\u00e1ch kh\u1ecfi \u0110\u1ea3ng X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Ph\u00e1p. \u0110\u1ebfn v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a V. I. L\u00eanin, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c r\u00f5 h\u01a1n vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3ng c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n ra \u0111\u1eddi, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba, giai c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f2n nh\u1ecf b\u00e9. To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb 1924 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1930 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea3ng c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam.\n- Trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed quan tr\u1ecdng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi lu\u00f4n kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh, trong s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea5u tranh gi\u00e0nh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea3ng trong s\u1ea1ch, v\u1eefng m\u1ea1nh, c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m cao tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, s\u1ee9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ee7 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n trong m\u1ecdi giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng.\n- Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i n\u00f3i, b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u1ec1 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng r\u1ea5t phong ph\u00fa, trong \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu sau:\nM\u1ed9t l\u00e0, c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea3ng. C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam mu\u1ed1n th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i \"tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ec7nh\"[18]. \u201c\u0110\u1ea3ng mu\u1ed1n v\u1eefng th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0m c\u1ed1t\"[19]. \"Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a\" m\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin.\nHai l\u00e0, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 sinh ho\u1ea1t \u0110\u1ea3ng. V\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 sinh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ea3ng v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n ki\u1ec3u m\u1edbi do V.I.L\u00eanin \u0111\u1ec1 ra, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh n\u00eau c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0: Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc t\u1eadp trung d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7; Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch; Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc t\u1ef1 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh; K\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt nghi\u00eam minh, t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c.[20]\nBa l\u00e0, quan t\u00e2m x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c, c\u00f3 t\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0110\u1ea3ng x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng \"l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, l\u00e0 v\u0103n minh\".\n\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a V.I.L\u00eanin v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea3ng ki\u1ec3u m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a giai c\u1ea5p v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1\"l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, l\u00e0 v\u0103n minh\" ph\u1ea3i quan t\u00e2m x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t, t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.\nB\u1ed1n l\u00e0, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 g\u1eafn b\u00f3 gi\u1eefa \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u1edbi d\u00e2n.\n- \u0110\u1ea3ng ta g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi d\u00e2n v\u00ec \"\u0110\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 con n\u00f2i c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c\"; m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 \"\u0110o\u00e0n k\u1ebft to\u00e0n d\u00e2n, ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c\". \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u1eeba l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, v\u1eeba l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7y t\u1edb th\u1eadt trung th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. M\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ni\u1ec1m tin y\u00eau c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \"d\u00e1n l\u00ean tr\u00e1n hai ch\u1eef c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n\" l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2n tin, d\u00e2n y\u00eau, d\u00e2n k\u00ednh, d\u00e2n ph\u1ee5c. \u0110\u1ea3ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean l\u1eafng nghe \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 t\u00e2m t\u01b0, nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. [21]; t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n tham gia x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng.\n\u0110\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea3i n\u00eau cao tinh th\u1ea7n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u00e2n; ph\u1ea3i \u201c\u2026kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng n\u00e2ng cao \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n\u201d[22].\nN\u0103m l\u00e0, \u0110\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, t\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed1n.\nTheo H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, t\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed1n b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n \u0110\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng chuy\u1ec3n sang giai \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1edbi c\u00e0ng c\u1ea7n quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng; \u201cvi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed1n l\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea3ng...\" [23].\n3.2.2. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u1ec1 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft trong c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng\n- T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u1ec1 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft to\u00e0n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c; t\u1eeb vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng trong \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft to\u00e0n d\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng. T\u1eeb quan ni\u1ec7m \u201c\u0110o\u00e0n k\u1ebft l\u00e0 then ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng\u201d, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft trong M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn. Mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3, \u0110\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, l\u00e0 v\u0103n minh\u201d; ph\u1ea3i \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft trong \u0110\u1ea3ng, l\u00e0m g\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft to\u00e0n d\u00e2n.\n- Trong c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng, H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh vai tr\u00f2 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 trong nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng, l\u1eddi d\u1eb7n v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong Di ch\u00fac. N\u1ed9i dung \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh t\u1eadp trung l\u1ea1i g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m sau:\n+ V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng. Nh\u1eefng th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft trong \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111em l\u1ea1i, b\u1edfi t\u1eeb \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft trong \u0110\u1ea3ng d\u1eabn t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft to\u00e0n d\u00e2n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft: \"Nh\u1edd \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd\" m\u00e0 \"\u0110\u1ea3ng ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta h\u0103ng h\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ti\u1ebfn t\u1eeb th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i kh\u00e1c\".\n+ \u0110o\u00e0n k\u1ebft l\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 qu\u00fd b\u00e1u c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ta. Khi \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng th\u00ec m\u1ecdi th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m duy tr\u00ec v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7. Trong Di ch\u00fac, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e2m huy\u1ebft c\u0103n d\u1eb7n: \"C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed t\u1eeb Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c chi b\u1ed9 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef g\u00ecn s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng nh\u01b0 gi\u1eef g\u00ecn con ng\u01b0\u01a1i c\u1ee7a m\u1eaft m\u00ecnh\".\n+ \u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t trong \u0110\u1ea3ng, H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh, t\u1ef1 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0103n d\u1eb7n: \"Trong \u0110\u1ea3ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u00e0 nghi\u00eam ch\u1ec9nh t\u1ef1 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh\". Theo Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng.\n+ \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc, b\u1ea3n l\u0129nh, l\u00fd tr\u00ed m\u00e0 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n c\u1ea3 t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb v\u1edbi nhau. N\u0103m 1967, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed5 sung v\u00e0o trong b\u1ea3n Di ch\u00fac c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb: \"trong \u0110\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed, th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau l\u1eabn nhau\".\n+ Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea3ng c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n, H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh \u201cquan li\u00eau\u201d, \u201ctham nh\u0169ng, l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed\u201d, \u201cxa d\u00e2n\u201d. Theo Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ea3ng c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 to l\u1edbn l\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u1edbi, m\u1ed9t \u201ccu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3, x\u00f3a \u0111i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u0169 k\u1ef9 h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i m\u1edbi m\u1ebb, t\u1ed1t t\u01b0\u01a1i\u201d. \u0110\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f3, \u0110\u1ea3ng ta ph\u1ea3i \"l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, l\u00e0 v\u0103n minh\". Trong Di ch\u00fac, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh c\u0103n d\u1eb7n: \"\u0110\u1ea3ng ta l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ea3ng c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n. M\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3i th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec7m li\u00eam ch\u00ednh, ch\u00ed c\u00f4ng v\u00f4 t\u01b0. Ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef g\u00ecn \u0110\u1ea3ng ta th\u1eadt trong s\u1ea1ch, ph\u1ea3i x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7y t\u1edb th\u1eadt trung th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n\".\n3.3. T\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u1ec1 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng trong s\u1ea1ch, v\u1eefng m\u1ea1nh\n3.3.1.T\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u cho s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, quan t\u00e2m l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea3ng, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng trong s\u1ea1ch, v\u1eefng m\u1ea1nh\n- Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea3ng, H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t quan t\u00e2m gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 n\u00f2ng c\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng.\nTrong 23 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00eau trong cu\u1ed1n \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng K\u00e1ch m\u1ec7nh, t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1927 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e1ch mang, nh\u01b0: C\u1ea7n ki\u1ec7m; Ho\u00e0 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0; C\u1ea3 quy\u1ebft s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i m\u00ecnh; C\u1ea9n th\u1eadn m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u00fat nh\u00e1t; Nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i (ch\u1ecbu kh\u00f3); V\u1ecb c\u00f4ng vong t\u01b0; Kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ebfu danh, kh\u00f4ng ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o; N\u00f3i th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m; Hy sinh; \u00cdt l\u00f2ng tham mu\u1ed1n v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t; Khoan th\u1ee9; C\u00f3 l\u00f2ng b\u00e0y v\u1ebd cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi; Tr\u1ef1c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1o b\u1ea1o; Quy\u1ebft \u0111o\u00e1n; D\u0169ng c\u1ea3m\u2026\n- H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00fang ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i, chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0110\u1ea3ng ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea5u tranh l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 \u00e1ch th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n, phong ki\u1ebfn, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1930-1945, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3, mang l\u1ea1i th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng Th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m, gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp cho d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Sau khi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, v\u1edbi c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea3ng ch\u00e8o l\u00e1i con thuy\u1ec1n c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1945-1946, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0110\u1ea3ng, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng.\n- Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i \"kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn, ki\u1ebfn qu\u1ed1c\"; \"th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi hai nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c\"; l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1eafng chi\u1ebfn tranh x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng mi\u1ec1n Nam, ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n trong ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc; c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.\n- Trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, gian kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 l\u00fac \u0110\u1ea3ng g\u1eb7p sai l\u1ea7m, H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ea3ng, tr\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00e2n. Trong th\u01b0 g\u1eedi Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u1ec1 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi thay m\u1eb7t \u0110\u1ea3ng, Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 xin l\u1ed7i Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, h\u1ee9a s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa, kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c...\nTrong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh \u0111\u00f3, H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00ecnh trong t\u1eadp th\u1ec3, trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, nh\u01b0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft \u201cc\u1ea3 khi ph\u1ea3i \u1ea9n n\u1ea5p n\u01a1i n\u00fai non, ra v\u00e0o n\u01a1i t\u00f9 t\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd xa r\u1eddi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u00f3\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cnguy\u1ec7n \u0111i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o, d\u00f9 ph\u1ea3i hy sinh t\u00ednh m\u1ea1ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u1ec1\u201d\u2026\n3.3.2.T\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eabu m\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t, t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u l\u00e0m tr\u00f2n m\u1ecdi nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ea3ng giao ph\u00f3\nCh\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e1ng, m\u1eabu m\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u, hy sinh cho s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng trong s\u1ea1ch, v\u1eefng m\u1ea1nh, n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m sau:\nM\u1ed9t l\u00e0, t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 sinh ho\u1ea1t \u0110\u1ea3ng.\nL\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp, r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eabu, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nghi\u00eam c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 sinh ho\u1ea1t \u0110\u1ea3ng, coi k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt nghi\u00eam minh v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c. Quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 trong \u0110\u1ea3ng, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eabu th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c nh\u1ea5t trong sinh ho\u1ea1t \u0110\u1ea3ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, n\u00eau cao tinh th\u1ea7n \u201cph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch\u201d tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ea3ng, tr\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n.\nHai l\u00e0, t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n t\u1ef1 r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n, trau d\u1ed3i ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t, n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng, t\u00e1c phong c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean.\n- \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n gi\u1eef v\u1eefng v\u00e0 r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n \u00fd ch\u00ed, quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n \u201cKh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec qu\u00fd h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, t\u1ef1 do!\"; v\u1edbi tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea3ng, v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc, hi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi d\u00e2n.[24]\n- T\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u1ed5 luy\u1ec7n, ti\u1ebfp thu c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u0103n h\u00f3a, t\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch, kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c, n\u00e2ng cao t\u1ea7m tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c UNESCO t\u00f4n vinh l\u00e0 anh h\u00f9ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, Nh\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a l\u1edbn, ki\u1ec7t xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.\n- T\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n, gi\u1eef v\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec7m, li\u00eam ch\u00ednh, ch\u00ed c\u00f4ng, v\u00f4 t\u01b0; l\u00f2ng nh\u00e2n \u00e1i bao la, trong s\u00e1ng, th\u1ee7y chung; l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb, thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c, h\u00f2a \u0111\u1ed3ng, l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng v\u01b0\u01a1n t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2n, thi\u1ec7n, m\u1ef9.\n- T\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c phong g\u1ea7n d\u00e2n, hi\u1ec3u d\u00e2n, v\u00ec d\u00e2n; g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eabu trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y.\nT\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e1ng ng\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0o k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng ta trong s\u1ea1ch, v\u1eefng m\u1ea1nh, b\u1edfi v\u00ec nh\u01b0 ch\u00ednh Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 quan ni\u1ec7m: \u201c\u1ede ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam, m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m b\u00e0i di\u1ec5n v\u0103n tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n\u201d.\nIII. H\u1eccC T\u1eacP V\u00c0 L\u00c0M THEO T\u1ea4M G\u01af\u01a0NG \u0110\u1ea0O \u0110\u1ee8C H\u1ed2 CH\u00cd MINH V\u1ec0 TRUNG TH\u1ef0C, TR\u00c1CH NHI\u1ec6M; G\u1eaeN B\u00d3 V\u1edaI NH\u00c2N D\u00c2N; \u0110O\u00c0N K\u1ebeT, X\u00c2Y D\u1ef0NG \u0110\u1ea2NG TRONG S\u1ea0CH, V\u1eeeNG M\u1ea0NH TRONG GIAI \u0110O\u1ea0N HI\u1ec6N NAY\n1.V\u1ec1 trung th\u1ef1c, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m\n- H\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 l\u00e0m theo t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u1ec1 trung th\u1ef1c, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u chung trong c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t huy truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, s\u1ed1ng \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft g\u1eafn b\u00f3, c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, c\u00e1c quan ni\u1ec7m \u201c\u0111\u00f3i cho s\u1ea1ch, r\u00e1ch cho th\u01a1m\u201d \u201cth\u1eadt th\u00e0, trung th\u1ef1c\u201d, \u201ckh\u00f4ng tham c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c\u201d, \u201cc\u1ee9u ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 c\u1ee9u m\u00ecnh\u201d... \u0111\u00e3 chi ph\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ed9ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n n\u0103m, l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng kh\u1ed1i \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft, t\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n \u00e1i trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.\n- D\u01b0\u1edbi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng quan ni\u1ec7m t\u1ed1t d\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a Nho gi\u00e1o, Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh, v\u1edbi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u1eeb tu th\u00e2n m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ec1 gia, tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c, b\u00ecnh thi\u00ean h\u1ea1. Tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, b\u1edfi \u201cl\u0169 l\u1ee5t th\u00ec l\u00fat c\u1ea3 l\u00e0ng\", n\u00ean ai c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i chung tay kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c. Khi qu\u1ed1c gia\u201ch\u1eefu s\u1ef1\u201d th\u00ec \u201cs\u1ea5t phu\u201d c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, \u201cgi\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e1nh\u201d...H\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 l\u00e0m theo t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u1ec1 trung th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m l\u00e0 gi\u1eef g\u00ecn, ph\u00e1t huy truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c; l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam.\n- Ph\u00e1t huy truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng trung th\u1ef1c, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m trong m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, tinh th\u1ea7n, v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u1edbi, nh\u1eafm t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u201cd\u00e2n gi\u00e0u, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ea1nh, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, v\u0103n minh\u201d. Trong c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u1edbi. \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 trung t\u00e2m, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 then ch\u1ed1t v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng. Duy tr\u00ec v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t huy truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c trung th\u1ef1c, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u1edbi.\n- Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf, ti\u1ec3u t\u01b0 h\u1eefu, c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ea3y sinh s\u1ef1 gian d\u1ed1i, l\u00e0m h\u00e0ng gi\u1ea3 ... ; trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu trung th\u1ef1c, n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i, n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb1ng, l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t n\u1ebbo, c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a... Nh\u1eefng t\u1ec7 n\u1ea1n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y c\u00e0ng d\u1ec5 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n, khi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f2n l\u1ecfng l\u1ebbo tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c... Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n theo \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ee9c quy\u1ec1n, tham nh\u0169ng d\u1ec5 n\u1ea3y s\u1ecbnh; t\u1ec7 n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i, l\u00e0m h\u00e0ng gi\u1ea3, \u0103n c\u1eafp... \u201ctr\u1edf n\u00ean b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y x\u1ea5u h\u1ed5... Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng 5 kh\u00f3a VIII, Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng 9 kh\u00f3a XI \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t trung th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m.\n- Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 l\u00e0m theo t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u1ec1 trung th\u1ef1c, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m l\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ea7n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng trung th\u1ef1c, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 trung th\u1ef1c v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, v\u1edbi gia \u0111\u00ecnh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ec3 trung th\u1ef1c v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n b\u00e8, \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. Kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ec7 n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 th\u00f3i quen; lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f3i \u00edch k\u1ef7, tham lam, tranh c\u01b0\u1edbp, h\u00f4i c\u1ee7a khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c g\u1eb7p ho\u1ea1n n\u1ea1n; t\u1ec7 l\u00e0m h\u00e0ng gi\u1ea3, b\u1eb1ng gi\u1ea3, gian manh, l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i tr\u00ean th\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng, trong quan h\u1ec7 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i,... \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, v\u0103n minh, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, b\u1edfi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac. M\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac khi m\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng trung th\u1ef1c...\n- Trung th\u1ef1c \u0111i li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m. M\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cao. \u0110\u00e3 trung th\u1ef1c v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd t\u1eeb b\u1ecf tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Trung th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng suy tho\u00e1i v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ta hi\u1ec7n nay.\n2. V\u1ec1 g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n\n- Tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh vai tr\u00f2 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, khi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eafc c\u00e2u \u201cD\u1ec5 m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u0169ng ch\u1ecbu, Kh\u00f3 tr\u0103m l\u1ea7n d\u00e2n li\u1ec7u c\u0169ng xong\u201d. Tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean, c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, huy \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh trong Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng. G\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u00f2n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c, b\u1edfi \u201cc\u01a1m ch\u00fang ta \u0103n, \u00e1o ch\u00fang ta m\u1eb7c\u201d do Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n cung c\u1ea5p ; ti\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadn, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0 t\u1eeb ti\u1ec1n thu\u1ebf c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb m\u1ef1c ti\u00eau ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n l\u00e0 quay v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 suy tho\u00e1i v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb.\n- H\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 l\u00e0m theo t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u1ec1 g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t huy b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam, l\u1ea5y d\u00e2n l\u00e0m g\u1ed1c. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh t\u1eebng d\u1ea1y \u201cG\u1ed1c c\u00f3 v\u1eefng, c\u00e2y m\u1edbi b\u1ec1n, X\u00e2y l\u1ea7u th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n\u201d. B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 d\u00e2n l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00fang trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u201cn\u1ebfm m\u1eadt n\u1eb1m gai\u201d, d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng phong tr\u00e0o trong \u0111\u1ea5u tranh gi\u00e0nh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n, m\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay c\u00e0ng ch\u1ee9ng minh s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Trong x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng kinh t\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n, c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, kh\u00f4ng \u0111i v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n, ch\u1ec9 n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean b\u00e0n gi\u1ea5y; c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o thi \u0111ua tr\u1edf n\u00ean h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ; c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng, huy \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n b\u1ecb ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng d\u01b0\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, c\u00f3 khi lan r\u1ed9ng ra nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng v\u00ec d\u00e2n, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u, khi n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2n k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng, t\u00f4n vinh, nh\u01b0 B\u00e1c H\u1ed3 v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u1edbng V\u00f5 Nguy\u00ean Gi\u00e1p, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n vinh l\u00e0 \u201c\u0110\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n\u201d...\n- G\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u00f2n l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng \u0111ang y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cao v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t huy n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang. \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o hi\u1ec7n nay. G\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t huy nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn, kinh nghi\u1ec7m trong d\u00e2n, huy \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kinh t\u1ebf, t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi cho n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta hi\u1ec7n nay.\n- G\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n l\u00e0 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng. \u0110\u1ea3ng ta l\u00e0 con n\u00f2i c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, nh\u01b0 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u0110\u1ea3ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u l\u00e0 v\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00ec d\u00e2n, ngo\u00e0i ra \u0110\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i \u00edch n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c. Trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ea5u tranh oanh li\u1ec7t, \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n y\u00eau m\u1ebfn, gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1, ch\u1edf che, \u201cl\u00f2ng d\u00e2n y\u00eau \u0110\u1ea3ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 y\u00eau con\", nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i. Ng\u00e0y nay, trong c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng suy tho\u00e1i v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean, \u0110\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o d\u00e2n.\n- N\u1ed9i dung g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n hi\u1ec7n nay bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eb7t, t\u1eeb x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i, ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00eau m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 :\n+ Lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch.\n+ G\u1ea7n d\u00e2n, lu\u00f4n quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1eafm v\u1eefng d\u00e2n t\u00ecnh, hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 d\u00e2n t\u00e2m, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n sinh, d\u00e2n tr\u00ed... \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng d\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft.\n+ \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 trong d\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ec3 Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham gia, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh theo \u0111a s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft th\u00e2n v\u1edbi d\u00e2n \u1edf c\u01a1 s\u1edf.\n+ T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 KT-XH, VH, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a l\u1ee3i \u00edch nh\u00f3m, ch\u1ed1ng tham nh\u0169ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. X\u1eed l\u00fd ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft, k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng tham \u00f4, x\u00e2m h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ee3i \u00edch ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u1edf c\u01a1 s\u1edf hi\u1ec7n nay.\n+ Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong sinh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ea3ng, nh\u01b0 sinh ho\u1ea1t hai chi\u1ec1u, l\u1ea5y phi\u1ebfu t\u00edn nhi\u1ec7m, \u0111i\u1ec1u tra d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng hi\u1ec7n nay.\n3. V\u1ec1 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng trong s\u1ea1ch v\u1eefng m\u1ea1nh\n- \u0110\u1ea3ng ta c\u00f3 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft, v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, th\u1eed th\u00e1ch. T\u1eeb kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1 tr\u1eafng nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1930-1931, \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u01a1n m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ee9ng d\u1eady. Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u201cng\u00e0n c\u00e2n treo s\u1ee3i t\u00f3c\u201d nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1945-1946, \u0110\u1ea3ng t\u1ef1 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3i t\u00e1n, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u201cH\u1ed9i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh to\u00e0n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u201cd\u1ec5 b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn \u1ee9ng v\u1ea1n bi\u1ebfn\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef v\u1eefng n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u00f2n non tr\u1ebb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u00e2m m\u01b0u x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m chi\u1ebfn tranh, k\u1ebb th\u00f9 mu\u1ed1n d\u00f9ng bom \u0111\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ta quay l\u1ea1i \u201cth\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e1\u201d, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1989-1991, trong s\u1ed1 13 n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u00f3 9 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea3ng c\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n m\u1ea5t vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua bao kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e0u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc chung c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i l\u00e0 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft to\u00e0n \u0110\u1ea3ng, to\u00e0n d\u00e2n.\n- Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng th\u1eed th\u00e1ch l\u1edbn. T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng suy tho\u00e1i v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u201cv\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch\u201d, c\u1ea7n t\u1eadp trung gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft. L\u1ee3i \u00edch nh\u00f3m \u0111ang t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u0111ang l\u00e0 nguy c\u01a1 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u01a1 s\u1edf kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 chia r\u1ebd, thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t trong n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n, to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5, l\u1ee3i \u00edch qu\u1ed1c gia, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean. \u0110o\u00e0n k\u1ebft, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng trong s\u1ea1ch, v\u1eefng m\u1ea1nh \u0111ang tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft h\u01a1n.\n- T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng trong s\u1ea1ch, v\u1eefng m\u1ea1nh c\u1ea7n t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u1ed9i dung, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u00ednh sau \u0111\u00e2y.\nM\u1ed9t l\u00e0, n\u00e2ng cao ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ec1 ra c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi\n- \u0110\u1ea3ng ta l\u00e0 c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n. N\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed5ng ho\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng, b\u1ea3n l\u0129nh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 do t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7t ra, nh\u1eb1m l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o to\u00e0n d\u00e2n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u201cd\u00e2n gi\u00e0u, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ea1nh, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, v\u0103n minh\u201d. Mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec1 ra \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i, ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng, quy\u1ebft s\u00e1ch ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, \u0110\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea3i n\u00e2ng cao t\u1ea7m tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, n\u1eafm ch\u1eafc y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n, t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a, \u0111\u01b0a n\u01b0\u1edbc ta tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p theo h\u01b0\u1edbng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.\n- Trong ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i ph\u1ea3i tr\u00e1nh b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7, tr\u00ec tr\u1ec7, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i tr\u00e1nh h\u1ea5p t\u1ea5p, v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng, l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o, ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1edbi n\u1ea9y sinh \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft, b\u1ed5 sung, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u0129nh, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i, ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng. Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi ph\u1ea3i qu\u00e1n tri\u1ec7t t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u201c\u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0m c\u1ed1t\u201d.\u0110\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea3i ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a M\u00e1c - L\u00eanin, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m v\u00e0 kim ch\u1ec9 nam cho h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u01a1 s\u1edf quy t\u1ee5, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t huy s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft trong \u0110\u1ea3ng, \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft to\u00e0n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c.\nHai l\u00e0, quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng, th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 coi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 then ch\u1ed1t \u1edf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p, c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh.\n- Trong s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, s\u1ef1 suy y\u1ebfu, tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a, bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea3ng, l\u00e0m cho vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng b\u1ecb suy gi\u1ea3m, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb - x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nguy c\u01a1 l\u1edbn. Ch\u0103m lo x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng trong s\u1ea1ch, v\u1eefng m\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ed1i c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef v\u1eefng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb - x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf, v\u0103n h\u00f3a theo \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a. T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t then ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m sau:\n+ \u0110\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n, thu h\u00fat v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t huy ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Trong th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y, c\u1ea7n qu\u00e1n tri\u1ec7t t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea5y th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i trong cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u201c\u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean to\u00e0n d\u00e2n, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c to\u00e0n d\u00e2n, d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n d\u00e2n\u201d[25].\n+ C\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t coi tr\u1ecdng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean. Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n nay, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 t\u00e0i, \u0111\u1ea7y tinh th\u1ea7n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ea3ng, tr\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng, d\u00e1m ngh\u0129, d\u00e1m l\u00e0m... kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m, ph\u00e1t huy nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong \u0110\u1ea3ng, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t huy s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng.\n+ Ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea5u tranh, kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng suy tho\u00e1i v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng, tham nh\u0169ng, l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed, quan li\u00eau v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c \u1edf trong \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 \u0110\u1ea3ng, v\u00e0o b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng uy t\u00edn c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc trong Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n vong c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Do v\u1eady, to\u00e0n \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea3ng, m\u1ed7i c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng, \u0111\u1ec3 tham gia \u0111\u1ea5u tranh kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng tr\u00ean, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng ta th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u201cl\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, l\u00e0 v\u0103n minh\u201d.\nBa l\u00e0, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng.\n- Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i, ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u00e0 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 ra trong trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u201cS\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ed1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c\u201d.\n- \u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng theo t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u1edbi M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb - x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Ph\u00e1t huy vai tr\u00f2 g\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a M\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c Vi\u1ec7t Nam. \u0110\u1ea3ng ti\u1ebfp thu nh\u1eefng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ed5 sung, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i, ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng; \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 to\u00e0n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.\nB\u1ed1n l\u00e0, gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft t\u1ed1t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi d\u00e2n.\n- Gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 g\u1eafn b\u00f3 m\u00e1u th\u1ecbt gi\u1eefa \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u1edbi d\u00e2n hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111ang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft, l\u00e0 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc l\u1edbn r\u00fat ra t\u1eeb 30 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi. S\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, \u0111\u00f4i khi gay g\u1eaft, c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p, r\u00f5 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u1ea5p c\u01a1 s\u1edf; c\u00e1c \u201c\u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng\u201d li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u00e0, \u0111\u1ea5t, quy\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, d\u00e2n sinh\u2026 li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng trong m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 m\u00e1u th\u1ecbt n\u00e0y.\n- Trong th\u1eddi gian qua \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft, ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb, quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, quy ch\u1ebf\u2026 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3i chung hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng, quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb nh\u01b0ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9, c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p, c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n \u0110\u1ea3ng, c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea3ng, m\u1ed7i c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u1ee7y \u0111\u1ea3ng.\n- \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft t\u1ed1t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u1edbi d\u00e2n, \u1edf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p, c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3i qu\u00e1n tri\u1ec7t c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a B\u00e1c: C\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng qua ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a \u0111a s\u1ed1 Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n l\u00e0m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch; c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban h\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau v\u00ec d\u00e2n; c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean, c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n, \"v\u00ec Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5\"; c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o s\u1ee9c d\u00e2n v\u00e0 mang l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho d\u00e2n... \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea3ng, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n, \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u1ea5y d\u00e2n l\u00e0m g\u1ed1c.\nN\u0103m l\u00e0, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea3ng b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1ec7 \u0110\u1ea3ng.\nNg\u00e0y 30-5-2014 B\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb kh\u00f3a X \u0111\u00e3 ban h\u00e0nh Ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb 36-CT\/TW v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea3ng b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 XII c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng. Ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea3ng c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p. H\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 l\u00e0m theo t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u1ec1 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng ta trong s\u1ea1ch v\u1eefng m\u1ea1nh, \u201cl\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, l\u00e0 v\u0103n minh\u201d ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a \u0110i\u1ec1u l\u1ec7 \u0110\u1ea3ng.\n- Trong B\u00e1o c\u00e1o ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p ph\u1ea3i g\u1eafn ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u1edbi ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n Ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb 03-CT\/TW, qua \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t huy vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 g\u1eafn tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 l\u00e0m theo t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i.\n- Trong vi\u1ec7c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t huy d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft, gi\u1eef v\u1eefng k\u1ef7 c\u01b0\u01a1ng, coi tr\u1ecdng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Ph\u00e1t huy cao nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u1ee7y, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea3ng, c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean trong c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng. T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u1eadt t\u1ed1t vi\u1ec7c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m, ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u1edbn n\u00eau trong d\u1ef1 th\u1ea3o c\u00e1c v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n tr\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i XI v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea3ng b\u1ed9. B\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i c\u1ea5p b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i c\u1ea7n t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quan tr\u1ecdng, c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb. T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1ea5y \u00fd ki\u1ebfn g\u00f3p \u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n d\u1ef1 th\u1ea3o.\n- N\u00e2ng cao tinh th\u1ea7n ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u00fang m\u1ee9c \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m, khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5p \u1ee7y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3ng b\u1ed9 trong th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb; ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 quan, c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m, khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 ra nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c.\n- Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn, gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 b\u1ea7u v\u00e0o c\u1ea5p \u1ee7y c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n chung quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong Ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb 36-CT\/TW c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n nay, qu\u00e1n tri\u1ec7t t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh v\u1ec1 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n l\u0129nh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao; uy t\u00edn trong \u0110\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i; c\u00f3 t\u01b0 duy \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn, n\u1eafm b\u1eaft, x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1edbi v\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p m\u1edbi n\u1ea3y sinh; kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft, quy t\u1ee5; phong c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c khoa h\u1ecdc, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, s\u00e2u s\u00e1t, n\u00f3i \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi l\u00e0m; d\u00e1m ngh\u0129 d\u00e1m l\u00e0m, d\u00e1m ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m.\n\u0110o\u00e0n k\u1ebft x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0110\u1ea3ng trong s\u1ea1ch, v\u1eefng m\u1ea1nh \u201cl\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, l\u00e0 v\u0103n minh\u201d hi\u1ec7n nay kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n \u0110\u1ea3ng, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5p \u1ee7y c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p, t\u1eeb Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01a1 s\u1edf ; c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea3u s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 T\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 mong \u0111\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n.\n(NTT - Theo T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u do Ban Tuy\u00ean gi\u00e1o Trung \u01b0\u01a1ng bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh).\n________________________________________\n[1]. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, t.2, tr. 260.\n[2]. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, t.3, tr.430.\n[3], 3. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, t.5, tr.108, 250.\n[4]. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, t.5, tr.699.\n[5], 2. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, t.3, tr.198, 265.\n[6]. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, t.4, tr.240.\n[7]. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, t.4, tr.161.\n[8]. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, t.4, tr.161.\n[9]. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, t. 8, tr. 236.\n[10] S\u0111d, t8, tr 276.\n[11] S\u0111d, t2, tr 262.\n1 S\u0111d, t8, tr 61 - 62.\n[12] S\u0111d, t4, tr 19 - 20.\n[13] S\u0111d, t5, tr 409.\n[14] (S\u0111d), t\u1eadp 7, tr. 480.\n[15] S\u0111d, t\u1eadp 11, tr. 234\n[16] S\u0111d, t\u1eadp 9, tr. 288\n[17] S\u0111d, t\u1eadp 9, tr. 288-289\n1 S\u0111d, t7, tr 392.\n2 S\u0111d, t12, tr154.\n3 S\u0111d, t8, tr 607.\n4 S\u0111d, t10, tr 607.\n1 S\u0111d, t6, tr 183.\n2 S\u0111d, t11, tr 130.\n1 S\u0111d, t7, tr 438.\n2 S\u0111d, t7, tr 75 - 76.\n3 S\u0111d, t10, tr 18.\n4 S\u0111d, t9, tr 137.\n1 S\u0111d, t9, tr 137.\n3 S\u0111d, t3, tr 139\n2 S\u0111d, t9, tr 137\n[18] ,2 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, Nxb Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1995, T.2, tr. 267 \u2013 268.\n[20] \u0110i\u1ec1u l\u1ec7 \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam do (\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 XI c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng th\u00f4ng qua ng\u00e0y 19 th\u00e1ng 01 n\u0103m 2011) vi\u1ebft: \u00ab \u0110\u1ea3ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u00fd ch\u00ed v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, l\u1ea5y t\u1eadp trung d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 l\u00e0m nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch, th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ed, k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt nghi\u00eam minh, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc : t\u1ef1 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh, \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf C\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u0129nh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u0110i\u1ec1u l\u1ec7 \u0110\u1ea3ng, g\u1eafn b\u00f3 m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi Nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, \u0110\u1ea3ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt \u00bb.\n[21] H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, Nxb Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1995, T. 5, tr. 293.\n[22] H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, Nxb Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 2006, T. 12, tr. 498.\n[23] H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, Nxb Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1996, T. 12, tr. 503.\n[24] H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, Nxb Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1996, T. 12, tr. 501.\n[25] H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh: To\u00e0n t\u1eadp, Nxb Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1996, T. 12, tr. 505.]]>\t\t<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\t\t\t\t<![CDATA[]]>\t\t<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1723,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[28],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-1747","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-hoc-tap-va-lam-theo-tam-guong-ho-chi-minh"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hoinongdanhp.org.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1747","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hoinongdanhp.org.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hoinongdanhp.org.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hoinongdanhp.org.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hoinongdanhp.org.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1747"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/hoinongdanhp.org.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1747\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hoinongdanhp.org.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1723"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hoinongdanhp.org.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1747"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hoinongdanhp.org.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1747"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hoinongdanhp.org.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1747"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}