{"id":1424,"date":"2019-05-03T08:26:04","date_gmt":"2019-05-03T01:26:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/demo.hoinongdanhp.org.vn\/?p=1424"},"modified":"2019-05-03T08:26:04","modified_gmt":"2019-05-03T01:26:04","slug":"quy-trinh-ky-thuat-san-xuat-ca-chua-an-toan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hoinongdanhp.org.vn\/index.php\/2019\/05\/03\/quy-trinh-ky-thuat-san-xuat-ca-chua-an-toan\/","title":{"rendered":"QUY TR\u00ccNH K\u1ef8 THU\u1eacT S\u1ea2N XU\u1ea4T C\u00c0 CHUA AN TO\u00c0N"},"content":{"rendered":"

\t\t\t\tTr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e0 chua \u1edf H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c SX \u1edf v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00f4ng (ch\u00ednh v\u1ee5). T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1997, s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e0 chua lai ch\u1ecbu n\u00f3ng tr\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ee5 trong n\u0103m nh\u01b0 cu\u1ed9c \u201cc\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng\u201d l\u1edbn thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed, c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e2y n\u00e0y.<\/strong>\nT\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, SX c\u00e0 chua \u1edf H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai \u1edf c\u00e1c th\u1eddi v\u1ee5 h\u00e8 thu, thu \u0111\u00f4ng (c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 s\u1edbm), v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00f4ng (ch\u00ednh v\u1ee5), v\u1ee5 xu\u00e2n h\u00e8 (v\u1ee5 mu\u1ed9n). S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00e0 chua t\u01b0\u01a1i cung c\u1ea5p cho th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e1ng 10 d\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ecbch t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m sau.<\/strong>\n\"\"\nT\u1eeb n\u0103m 2008 – 2011 di\u1ec5n ra cu\u1ed9c \u201cc\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng\u201d l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y c\u00e0 chua b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng lai ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao c\u1ed9ng quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 mang \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn cho lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y n\u00e0y. Qua \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u01b0a SX c\u00e0 chua ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh cho \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4, t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng \u0103n vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u1edf c\u00e1c m\u00f9a v\u1ee5 v\u1edbi thu nh\u1eadp cao g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 quanh n\u0103m.\nNh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y nhu c\u1ea7u, ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y c\u00e0 chua c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, n\u0103m 2010 S\u1edf NN-PTNT H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i ban h\u00e0nh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn quy tr\u00ecnh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt SX c\u00e0 chua an to\u00e0n nh\u1eb1m gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 SX ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cao nh\u1ea5t.\nTheo \u0111\u00f3, th\u1eddi v\u1ee5 gieo tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e0 chua t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i s\u1edbm t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 7 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e1ng 8, v\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 9 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e1ng 10 v\u00e0 th\u1eddi v\u1ee5 mu\u1ed9n t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 11 \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa th\u00e1ng 12. Ngu\u1ed3n gi\u1ed1ng n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng c\u1ea7n t\u1eeb 250 – 350 gr\/ha, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e2y gi\u1ed1ng c\u1ea7n t\u1eeb 28.000 – 35.000 c\u00e2y\/ha (850 – 1.000 c\u00e2y\/s\u00e0o B\u1eafc b\u1ed9 360 m2). H\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tr\u1ed3ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea5m 40 – 45 \u0111\u1ed9 C (3 s\u00f4i, 2 l\u1ea1nh) trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb 2 – 3 gi\u1edd sau \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi ra \u0111\u1ec3 r\u00e1o r\u1ed3i \u0111em gieo.\nV\u1edbi v\u01b0\u1eddn \u01b0\u01a1m, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea5t k\u1ef9, t\u01a1i nh\u1ecf k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p b\u00f3n l\u00f3t 100 kg ph\u00e2n chu\u1ed3ng \u1ee7 hoai m\u1ee5c\/s\u00e0o, l\u00e2n 5 – 6 kg\/s\u00e0o B\u1eafc b\u1ed9. T\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t n\u00ean gieo h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng trong khay ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m gi\u1ed1ng (th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u1ea7u g\u1ed3m 40% \u0111\u1ea5t + 30% ph\u00e2n chu\u1ed3ng + 25 % m\u00f9n m\u1ee5c + 5% l\u00e2n v\u00e0 v\u00f4i).\nM\u1ed7i b\u1ea7u n\u00ean gieo 1 – 2 h\u1ea1t. Gieo \u0111\u1ec1u h\u1ea1t v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb 4 – 6 gr h\u1ea1t\/m2, gieo xong ph\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp r\u01a1m r\u1ea1 b\u0103m ng\u1eafn, tr\u1ea5u ho\u1eb7c l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1ecfng l\u00ean m\u1eb7t lu\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fa \u00fd ph\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean gi\u1eef \u1ea9m cho \u0111\u1ea5t. C\u00e2y con khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb 1 – 2 l\u00e1 th\u1eadt th\u00ec t\u1ec9a b\u1ecf c\u00e2y x\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 3 x 4 cm, khi c\u00e2y gi\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 5 – 6 l\u00e1 th\u1eadt th\u00ec \u0111em tr\u1ed3ng.\n\u0110\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 SX c\u00e0 chua l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t th\u1ecbt nh\u1eb9, \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00e1t pha, t\u01a1i x\u1ed1p, gi\u1ea7u m\u00f9n v\u00e0 dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, pH < 5,5. D\u1ecdn s\u1ea1ch c\u1ecf v\u00e0 t\u00e0n d\u01b0 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt, l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea5t k\u1ef9, t\u01a1i nh\u1ecf, l\u00ean lu\u1ed1ng cao 25 – 30 cm, m\u1eb7t lu\u1ed1ng r\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb 1,2 – 1,4m, b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng d\u1ec5 tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh ng\u1eadp \u00fang khi g\u1eb7p m\u01b0a.\nM\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y c\u00e1ch c\u00e2y 40 cm, h\u00e0ng c\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng 70 cm. Trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee3t b\u00f3n th\u00fac, l\u00e0m c\u1ecf c\u1ea7n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u01a1 t\u1ec9a l\u00e1 gi\u00e0, l\u00e1 b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh s\u01b0\u01a1ng mai, l\u00e1 b\u1ecb d\u00f2i \u0111\u1ee5c l\u00e1 h\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng \u0111em ti\u00eau h\u1ee7y. Th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edbi \u1ea9m t\u1eeb sau khi tr\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ebfn khi ph\u00e2n c\u00e0nh. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eeb n\u1edf hoa v\u00e0 trong khi thu ho\u1ea1ch qu\u1ea3 lu\u00f4n gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1eeb 80 – 85%.\nKhi c\u00e0 chua l\u1edbn, ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh l\u00e0m gi\u00e0n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00e0 chua ph\u00e2n c\u00e0nh, ra hoa (sau tr\u1ed3ng 25 – 30), c\u00e2y gi\u00e0n c\u1eafm xen v\u00e0o 2 h\u00e0ng c\u00e0 chua, ng\u1ecdn ch\u1ee5m h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef A, gi\u00e0n cao 2,5 m tr\u1edf l\u00ean, ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bu\u1ed9c b\u1eb1ng d\u00e2y m\u1ec1m, bu\u1ed9c ng\u1ecdn h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00ean tr\u00ean. Khi c\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u00e2n l\u00e1 t\u1ed1t th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean bu\u1ed9c c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ea5t g\u00e2y b\u1ee5i b\u1ea9n.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c BVTV, giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ee5 (sau tr\u1ed3ng, ph\u00e2n c\u00e0nh, ra hoa) c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh l\u00e0 d\u00f2i \u0111\u1ee5c l\u00e1, s\u00e2u khoang, b\u1ec7nh m\u1ed1c s\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u1ea7n theo d\u00f5i b\u1ec7nh h\u00e9o xanh, b\u1ec7nh xo\u0103n l\u00e1 virus.\nChi c\u1ee5c BVTV H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c BVTV h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 m\u1edbi, th\u1ea3o m\u1ed9c, sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c sinh h\u1ecdc theo khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a C\u1ee5c BVTV v\u00e0 Chi c\u1ee5c BVTV H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i.<\/strong><\/em><\/td>\n\n\n<\/tr>\n\n\n<\/tbody>\n\n\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n
V\u1ec1 b\u00f3n ph\u00e2n, ch\u1ec9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e2n h\u1eefu c\u01a1 \u0111\u00e3 \u1ee7 hoai m\u1ee5c, tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng ph\u00e2n t\u01b0\u01a1i, n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e2n t\u01b0\u01a1i, n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00f3n v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbi cho rau. B\u00f3n b\u1ed5 sung ph\u00e2n h\u1eefu c\u01a1 vi sinh, h\u1eefu c\u01a1 sinh h\u1ecdc. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o th\u1eddi gian c\u00e1ch ly v\u1edbi ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1m ur\u00ea \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 7 – 10 ng\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi thu ho\u1ea1ch.\nNh\u1eb1m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ngu\u1ed3n s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ea5t lu\u00e2n canh v\u1edbi c\u00e2y l\u00faa n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e2y h\u1ecd \u0111\u1eadu v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng c\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e0 chua g\u1ed1c gh\u00e9p \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf b\u1ec7nh h\u00e9o xanh v\u00e0 xo\u0103n l\u00e1. K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee3t b\u00f3n th\u00fac c\u1ea7n v\u01a1 t\u1ec9a l\u00e1 gi\u00e0, lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf l\u00e1 b\u1ecb s\u00e2u, b\u1ec7nh t\u1ea1o cho ru\u1ed9ng th\u00f4ng tho\u00e1ng, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh.\nD\u00f9ng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 ng\u1eaft \u1ed5 tr\u1ee9ng, b\u1eaft gi\u1ebft s\u00e2u non khi m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u th\u1ea5p (\u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi s\u00e2u khoang); ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm v\u00e0 nh\u1ed5 b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh h\u00e9o xanh, xo\u0103n l\u00e1 virut \u0111em ti\u00eau h\u1ee7y. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1eaby pheromone \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f2ng tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u xanh \u0111\u1ee5c qu\u1ea3 t\u1eeb giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u1ee5 hoa \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i v\u1ee5.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u00a0 \u00a0 Ch\u00fa \u00fd khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c ph\u00f2ng tr\u1eeb: C\u00e0 chua ra hoa, \u0111\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 theo c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee3t n\u00ean th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m x\u1eed l\u00fd s\u00e2u \u0111\u1ee5c qu\u1ea3 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee3t hoa r\u1ed9. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1ed1c BVTV \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thu ho\u1ea1ch qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian thu ho\u1ea1ch qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1eddi gian c\u00e1ch ly.<\/strong><\/em><\/td>\n\n\n<\/tr>\n\n\n<\/tbody>\n\n\n<\/table>\n\n\n<\/div>\n\n]]>\t\t<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1427,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-1424","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-khoa-hoc-ky-thuat"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hoinongdanhp.org.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1424","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hoinongdanhp.org.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hoinongdanhp.org.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hoinongdanhp.org.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hoinongdanhp.org.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1424"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/hoinongdanhp.org.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1424\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hoinongdanhp.org.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1427"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hoinongdanhp.org.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1424"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hoinongdanhp.org.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1424"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hoinongdanhp.org.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1424"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}